We have noted before the paradox of ocean shipping — it is simultaneously the most energy efficient means of transportation with the lowest carbon footprint while at the same time, it is a major polluter. (See our post from back in 2010 — Ocean Transportation – Beautifully Green or Murderously Dirty?) The problem is fuel. Most ships burn residual fuel which is the lowest cost but very dirty. Dirty fuel makes for dirty ships. Residual fuel, also know as Bunker C, 6 oil and HFO, is, however, slowly becoming a thing of the past. Phased restrictions on sulfur levels by IMO, the EPA and various other national regulatory agencies around the world are effectively forcing ship owners to use cleaner and more expensive fuels.
What is the fuel of the future? Is is merely lighter and more expensive oil distillates or something quite different? Continue reading